{"id":672,"date":"2016-01-27T13:52:52","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T12:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nazor.org\/?page_id=672"},"modified":"2016-02-08T17:17:30","modified_gmt":"2016-02-08T16:17:30","slug":"16-kdo-podepsal-trest-smrti-pro-francii-1940","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nazor.org\/?page_id=672","title":{"rendered":"16. Kdo podepsal trest smrti pro Francii 1940?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh 16<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdo podepsal trest smrti pro Francii 1940?\u00a0(I)<\/p>\n

origin\u00e1l zdroj<\/span><\/u><\/a> – vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad 27.1.2016<\/p>\n

Nikolaj Starikov (Rusko)<\/p>\n

Toto je<\/span> n\u011bco, co byste m\u011bli<\/span> v\u011bd\u011bt:<\/span> <\/em>
\npoka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e\u00a0<\/span>mus\u00edme volit mezi<\/span> <\/em>
\nEvropou<\/span> a otev\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u0159em<\/span>, <\/span><\/em>
\nbychom si m\u011bli\u00a0v\u017edy<\/span> vybrat<\/span>\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9 mo\u0159e<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Winston Churchill[1]<\/span><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Obracen\u00ed na Kontinent<\/span> bylo<\/span> dost<\/span><\/em>
\nk vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0Britsk\u00e9<\/span> touhy<\/span>\u00a0pohltit<\/span> sama sebe\u00a0<\/span><\/em>
\n p\u0159i sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed obran\u011b.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Charles de Gaulle[2]<\/span><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a06.\u0159\u00edjna 1939<\/strong>, dva t\u00fddny po p\u00e1du Var\u0161avy a ukon\u010den\u00ed\u00a0polsk\u00e9 kampan\u011b \u0159ekl Hitler v Reichstagu:<\/p>\n

\u00a0Mou<\/span> hlavn\u00ed<\/span> snahou<\/span> bylo,<\/span> zbavit\u00a0na\u0161e<\/span> vztahy s Franci\u00ed<\/span> v\u0161ech<\/span> \u0161patn\u00fdch stop<\/span> a u\u010dinit je<\/span> p\u0159ijateln\u00fdmi pro<\/span> oba n\u00e1rody<\/span> … <\/span>N\u011bmecko<\/span> nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9<\/span> dal\u0161\u00ed<\/span> n\u00e1roky v\u016f\u010di<\/span> Francii<\/span> …\u00a0o<\/span>dm\u00edtl jsem<\/span>\u00a0se dokonce zm\u00ednit o\u00a0probl\u00e9mu<\/span> Alsaska-<\/span>Lotrinska<\/span> … <\/span>v\u017edy jsem<\/span> sm\u011brem k Francii vyjad\u0159oval sv\u00e9<\/span>\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> poh\u0159b\u00edt<\/span> nav\u017edy<\/span> na\u0161e d\u00e1vn\u00e9<\/span> nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed<\/span> a<\/span> spojit<\/span> tyto<\/span> dva n\u00e1rody<\/span>, <\/span>z nich\u017e oba maj\u00ed<\/span> takovou<\/span> slavnou<\/span> minulost<\/span> …<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Nem\u00e9n\u011b \u00fasil\u00ed jsem v\u011bnoval d<\/span>osa\u017een\u00ed<\/span> Anglo<\/span>-n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho<\/span> porozum\u011bn\u00ed<\/span>, ba<\/span> v\u00edc ne\u017e to,\u00a0<\/span>Anglo<\/span>-n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho<\/span> p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed<\/span>. <\/span>V<\/span> \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dob\u011b<\/span> a<\/span>\u00a0na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, kde<\/span> jsem nikdy<\/span> nejednal v rozporu s<\/span> Britsk\u00fdmi<\/span> <\/strong>z\u00e1jmy<\/strong> …<\/span> i dnes v\u011b\u0159\u00edm,\u00a0<\/span>\u017ee<\/span>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt\u00a0s<\/span>kute\u010dn\u00fd m\u00edr<\/span> v Evrop\u011b<\/span> a<\/span> v cel\u00e9m<\/span> sv\u011bt\u011b, <\/span>pokud<\/span> N\u011bmecko<\/span> a Anglie<\/span> dojdou k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed<\/span><\/em>.<\/em> (<\/span>William<\/span> Shirer<\/span>. <\/span>Vzestup a<\/span> P\u00e1d T\u0159et\u00ed \u0158\u00ed\u0161e<\/span>, <\/span>p<\/span>. <\/span>576<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed p\u0159episu Hitlerova projevu, by mu\u00a0mohlo b\u00fdt odpu\u0161t\u011bno za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee by se jednalo o\u00a0n\u00e1zory nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u00edrotvorce\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00e9ry \u010di n\u00e1roda, ne o \u0159e\u010di nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho zlo\u010dince v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry F\u00fchrer mluvil \u010dasto a zdlouhav\u011b o m\u00edru a p\u0159itom se p\u0159ipravoval na v\u00e1lku. Na t\u00e9to \u0159e\u010di ale\u00a0bylo n\u011bco zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho. Bylo to, jako by mluvil\u00a0k neviditeln\u00fdm spolupracovn\u00edk\u016fm v Lond\u00fdn\u011b a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, sna\u017e\u00edl se je ovlivnit, je\u0161t\u011b jednou vysv\u011btlit sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed a pokou\u0161el se ovlivnit jejich rozhodnut\u00ed, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee u\u017e v\u011bd\u011bl jak\u00e9 bylo.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Hitler-before-the-Reichstag-1939\"<\/a>\u00a0Jak\u00fd byl Hitler\u016fv c\u00edl? Obh\u00e1jit se p\u0159ed budouc\u00edmi generacemi? Prezentovat svou fiktivn\u00ed tu\u017ebu po m\u00edru p\u0159ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem, tak\u017ee pozd\u011bji by\u00a0bylo jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed vhodit sv\u00e9 lidi do tygl\u00edku nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lky? Snad. Ale zd\u00e1 se mi, \u017ee c\u00edlov\u00e1 skupina\u00a0tohoto projevu se skl\u00e1dala z n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0formuj\u00ed\u00a0britskou politiku a spolu s n\u00ed\u00a0i\u00a0budouc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti historie.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Pro\u010d by musela b\u00fdt vybojov\u00e1na v\u00e1lka na? Pro obnovu Polska? Polsko podle Versaillesk\u00e9 smlouvy\u00a0nikdy nem\u011blo znovu povstat\u00a0… Ot\u00e1zka obnoven\u00ed polsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu je\u00a0probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd nebude vy\u0159e\u0161en v\u00e1lkou na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, ale v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b mezi Ruskem a N\u011bmeckem … Bylo by nesmysln\u00e9 ni\u010dit \u017eivoty milion\u016f mu\u017e\u016f a\u00a0majetek v hodnot\u011b milion\u016f, aby se rekonstruoval\u00a0st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd u\u017e\u00a0po sv\u00e9m zrodu byl nazv\u00e1n potratem v\u0161emi t\u011bmi, kdo nejsou polsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Jak\u00fd je jin\u00fd d\u016fvod pro jeho existenci? ….\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Pokud m\u00e1 b\u00fdt tato v\u00e1lka skute\u010dn\u011b\u00a0vedena pouze s c\u00edlem d\u00e1t N\u011bmecku nov\u00fd re\u017eim …\u00a0pak budou miliony lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f ob\u011btov\u00e1ny marn\u011b … Ne, tato v\u00e1lka na Z\u00e1pad\u011b neuspokoj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my … (ibid., 641)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0„V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m okam\u017eiku a na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, jsem\u00a0nejednal v rozporu s britsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy,“ tvrd\u00ed Hitler.\u00a0Jak podivn\u00e1 slova … Co se\u00a0sna\u017e\u00ed obhajit p\u0159ed t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sila v\u00e1lku\u00a0jeho zemi? „N\u011bmecke z\u00e1jmy nejsou v rozporu britsk\u00fdmi“ je to, co by m\u011bl \u0159\u00edci. S jedn\u00edm „ale“ – pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by moc ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zemi p\u0159evzal s\u00e1m Adolf Hitler\u00a0a ne\u00a0n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed pr\u016fmysln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli prsty v jeho kari\u00e9\u0159e. U\u017e jsme si ale uk\u00e1zali<\/a>, \u017ee Anglie, Francie a USA hr\u00e1li roli p\u0159i vzniku nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.\u00a0Adolf Hitler tak od\u016fvod\u0148oval p\u0159ed britsk\u00fdmi sponzory skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se vymanil z pod jejich kontroly a u\u017e nebyl pln\u011b kontrolovateln\u00fd.\u00a0Sna\u017eil se zap\u016fsobit na\u00a0jeden d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd bod: Navzdory tomu, co se stalo, necht\u011bl zasahovat do jejich \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a\u00a0cht\u011bl pouze, aby s n\u00edm jednali jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm. Proto jeho pozn\u00e1mky o tom, jak Z\u00e1pad nepot\u0159ebuje v\u00e1lku.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ale Hitlerova \u0159e\u010d nebyla v\u00fdzvou k m\u00edru.\u00a0Jednalo se o\u00a0pokus postr\u010dit Brity a\u00a0Francouze z jejich zatvrzel\u00e9ho neochoty, aby\u00a0N\u011bmecko p\u0159ijali jako rovn\u00e9ho partnera na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b. Jejich rozd\u00edly se zredukovaly na cosi velmi jednoduch\u00e9ho: Hitler se cht\u011bl nejprve ujistit, \u017ee se mu dostalo rovn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed a teprve potom by byl p\u0159ipraven za\u00fato\u010dit na Rusko, kter\u00e9 v\u017edycky nen\u00e1vid\u011bl. Ale z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u016fdci odm\u00edtli si\u00a0sednout s\u00a0N\u011bmci spole\u010dn\u011b k jednomu stolu, dokud Berl\u00edn nespln\u00ed svou povinnost rozdrtit Rusko \/ SSSR. PO\u017eadovali, abz Hitler st\u00e1hl n\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska z polsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed a obnovil Polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t. Za jak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem? Za \u00fa\u010delem dosa\u017een\u00ed dlouholet\u00e9ho c\u00edle z\u00e1padn\u00ed politiky, kter\u00fd m\u011bl vyvolat konflikt mezi N\u011bmeckem a Ruskem. Koneckonc\u016f\u00a0bylo velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9,\u00a0\u017ee by Stalin\u00a0jednodu\u0161e souhlasil s navr\u00e1cen\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla postoupena\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu v r\u00e1mci Sov\u011btsko-n\u011bmeck\u00e9 paktu<\/a> o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed. Podm\u00ednky pro „obnoven\u00ed Polska“ zn\u011blo dob\u0159e, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nem\u011bly nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s m\u00edrem na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu, ale pouze\u00a0nahrazovaly jednu „podivnou“ v\u00e1lku jinou, jen „spr\u00e1vnou“.<\/p>\n

\u00a0My\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 Hitler vyj\u00e1d\u0159il z \u0159e\u010dni\u0161t\u011b Reichstagu 6. \u0159\u00edjna 1939<\/strong><\/a> ji\u017e byly p\u0159ed\u00e1ny\u00a0v\u016fdc\u016fm ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a USA prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f. Dne 26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1939<\/strong> Hitler osobn\u011b na\u0159\u00eddil G\u00f6ringovi, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 sd\u011blit tyto teze Lond\u00fdnu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho zprost\u0159edkovatele Birgera Dahleruse<\/a>. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, F\u00fchrer vyu\u017eil americk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho magn\u00e1ta Williama Rhodes Davise<\/a>, aby sd\u011blit sv\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy\u00a0prezidentu Rooseveltovi. Tak\u017ee Hitlerovi m\u00edrov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy\u00a0byly ur\u010deny, aby p\u00e1dly na „\u00farodnou p\u016fdu“. Co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee byla dobr\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00fd v\u016fdce uvid\u00ed Z\u00e1pad zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj postoj a souhlasit\u00a0s diskus\u00ed o p\u0159edpokladech N\u011bmecka, p\u0159ipojit se k existuj\u00edc\u00edmu anglosask\u00e9mu sv\u011btov\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du. To byl d\u016fvod, pro\u010d projev Adolfa Hitlera zn\u011bl m\u00edrumilovn\u011b, aby d\u011blal \u010dest kter\u00e9mukoliv prominentu. Dal\u0161\u00ed den zaplnily\u00a0\u017eiv\u00e9 titulky v\u0161echny\u00a0prvn\u00ed strany ka\u017ed\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch novin: „N\u011bmecko je pro m\u00edr“, „\u017d\u00e1dnou v\u00e1lku s Franci\u00ed a Angli\u00ed – \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na revise s v\u00fdjimkou koloni\u00ed“?“Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zbrojen\u00ed“. (ibid., 642)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Munich-1938\"<\/a>\u00a0Nyn\u00ed mohly vl\u00e1dy Brit\u00e1nie a Francie, z\u00a0F\u00fchrerova pohledu, podat pomocnou ruku\u00a0T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, ani\u017e by ztratily tv\u00e1\u0159. Koneckonc\u016f to nebyly ony, kdo po\u017e\u00e1dal o m\u00edr, ale N\u011bmecko samo. Tak\u017ee Hitlerovy m\u00edrov\u00e9 p\u0159edehry k Z\u00e1padu byly docela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, byly m\u00edn\u011bny velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0s \u00famyslem, pozd\u011bji je transformovat do v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 v\u0159avy s V\u00fdchodem. Ale iniciativa F\u00fchrera z\u016fstala nezodpov\u011bzena. Nebo sp\u00ed\u0161 – odpov\u011b\u010f zn\u011bla ne. Dal\u0161\u00ed den 7.\u0159\u00edjna 1939<\/strong>, francouzsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Edouard Daladier<\/a> \u0159ekl Hitlerovi \u0159ekl, \u017ee Francie se nevzd\u00e1\u00a0sv\u00fdch\u00a0z\u00e1ruk, kter\u00e9 byly\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1ny\u00a0pro „skute\u010dn\u00fd m\u00edr a v\u0161eobecnou bezpe\u010dnost“ (ibid., 643). Dne 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1939<\/strong> britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Neville Chamberlain<\/a> nazval Hitlerovy n\u00e1vrhy „v\u00e1gn\u00edmi a nejist\u00fdmi“. Ale to \u010d\u00edm Angli\u010dan pokra\u010doval p\u0159i sv\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt \u0161patn\u011b pochopeno. Britsk\u00fd v\u016fdce uvedl, \u017ee pokud chce N\u011bmecko m\u00edr, „\u010diny – ne jen slova – mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat“.<\/strong> Hitler pot\u0159eboval uk\u00e1zat Lond\u00fdnu „p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz“, \u017ee cht\u011bl opravdu\u00a0m\u00edr, tj., po\u0159eboval za\u00fato\u010dit na SSSR.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Co\u00a0Adolf Hitler ud\u011blal? Nab\u00eddl m\u00edr a byl odm\u00edtnut. V\u0161e co zbylo, bylo p\u0159ipravit se k boji. Tak\u017ee \u010dekal t\u0159i dny a pak\u00a0vydal\u00a0rozkaz – vypracovat pl\u00e1n k vyhlazen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele, kter\u00fd le\u017eel nejbl\u00ed\u017ee po ruce – Francie.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nikdy se nedozv\u00edme, co\u00a0bylo t\u00edm co Adolf Hitler opravdu cht\u011bl nebo jak v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 byly jeho z\u00e1m\u011bry, zdecimovat francouze. Ale p\u0159i pohledu na ur\u010dit\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017eeme rozpoznat, \u017ee jeho hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenkou bylo je\u0161t\u011b se Z\u00e1padem jednat. Jak\u00e1 to byly skute\u010dnosti? Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud Hitler opravdu cht\u011bl bojovat s Lond\u00fdnem a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed,\u00a0nem\u011bl by zadr\u017eovat n\u011bmeck\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo od prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed toho, co bylo jeho\u00a0jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fakolem –\u00a0pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed.\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo ale za\u010dalo bojovat tak hrdinn\u011b, \u017ee F\u00fchrer musel rychle zas\u00e1hnout, aby p\u0159it\u00e1hl ot\u011b\u017ee sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 horliv\u00fdm kapit\u00e1n\u016fm. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho t\u00fddne v\u00e1lky N\u011bmci potopili 11 lod\u00ed o celkov\u00e9m v\u00fdtlaku 64.595 tun. Pokud by to pokra\u010dovalo, pohybovaly by se brzy kolem Britsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f pouze n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ponorky.\u00a0Pak ale nastal skute\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1zrak: celkov\u00fd v\u00fdtlak anglick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly potopeny v druh\u00e9m t\u00fddnu v\u00e1lky \u010dinil pouze 51.561 tun, ve t\u0159et\u00edm t\u00fddnu\u00a0jen 12.750 tun a pouze 4.646 tun ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m t\u00fddnu. (ibid, 635.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Co\u00a0vedlo k tak prudk\u00e9mu poklesu \u00fa\u010dinnosti n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ponorek? Mo\u017en\u00e1 se Britov\u00e9\u00a0nau\u010dili jak je pot\u00e1p\u011bt? Nebo byli kapit\u00e1ni britsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed stale\u00a0opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zku\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? Ne, brit\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci sami byli p\u0159ekvapeni t\u011bmito \u010d\u00edsly. Ale\u00a0nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, jak k tomuto „z\u00e1zraku“ do\u0161lo. Hitler po\u017e\u00e1dal sv\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed velitele, aby nepot\u00e1p\u011bli anglick\u00e9 a francouzsk\u00e9 lod\u011b! N\u011bmeck\u00fd admir\u00e1l Erich Raeder<\/a> si poznamenal do sv\u00e9ho den\u00edku, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed politickou lini\u00ed\u00a0bylo vpodstat\u011b, „zachov\u00e1vat zdr\u017eenlivost, dokud se politick\u00e1 situace na Z\u00e1pad\u011b nestane jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed“ (ibid., 636). Je zn\u00e1m incident, ve kter\u00e9m kapit\u00e1n n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ponorky po\u017e\u00e1dal o povolen\u00ed k \u00fatoku francouzskou v\u00e1le\u010dnou lo\u010f u Dunkerque, kter\u00e1 byla ve zraniteln\u00e9m postaven\u00ed, ale byl odm\u00edtnut. [3]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a> V\u016fdce osobn\u011b zak\u00e1zal \u00fatok!<\/p>\n

\u00a0P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Hitlerova \u00fatoku na Francii se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt stejn\u011b nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd. Hitler nejprve napl\u00e1novali \u00fatok na 12. listopadu 1939<\/strong> [4]<\/span><\/sup><\/a>, ale ve skute\u010dnosti se konal dne 10. kv\u011btna 1940<\/strong>. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby Hitler odlo\u017eil \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 akce celkem 20 kr\u00e1t! [5]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a> (Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee k prvn\u00edmu zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v \u00fatoku do\u0161lo po preemptivn\u00edm pokusu o „atent\u00e1t“ na Hitler\u016fv \u017eivot,\u00a0kter\u00fd zorganizovala skupina britsk\u00fdch tajn\u00fdch agent\u016f\u00a08. listopadu 1939<\/strong> v B\u00fcrgerbr\u00e4ukellersk\u00e9 pivnici v Mnichov\u011b.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Jak se Britov\u00e9 a Francouzi p\u0159ipravovali k odra\u017een\u00ed jeho\u00a0\u00fatoku? N\u011bkdy to vypadalo, jako by\u00a0a\u017e do sam\u00e9ho konce\u00a0prost\u011b nemohli uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee se F\u00fchrer rozhodne prov\u00e9st tento tah. Dokonce i kdy\u017e prob\u00edhaly zah\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed bitvy\u00a0v Norsku mezi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi a britsk\u00fdmi silami, dr\u017eeli Britov\u00e9 st\u00e1le sv\u00e1 letadla na zemi. Jen n\u011bkolik letadel vzl\u00e9tlo k \u00fatoku – nejprve v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dne a pak hlavn\u011b v noci. B\u011bhem t\u011bchto v\u00fdpad\u016f britsk\u00e9 letouny rozhazovaly nespo\u010det propagandistick\u00fdch let\u00e1k\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. A tato idyla trvala a\u017e do kv\u011btna 1940<\/strong>, tj. a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvy.<\/p>\n

\"German-tanks-in-France-1940\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 tanky ve Francii. Ani Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e ani Lond\u00fdn neo\u010dek\u00e1vali, \u017ee by Hitler riskoval \u00fatok na Z\u00e1pad. Co\u017e vysv\u011btluje rychlou prohru.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>Charles de Gaulle,\u00a0<\/span>The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>(New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998) 557.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Ibid., 59.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Albert Speer.\u00a0<\/span>Inside the Third Reich. Memoirs\u00a0<\/span><\/em>(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997) 165.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Franz Halder.\u00a0<\/span>The Halder War Diary, 1939-1942<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>(Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1988) 672.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Hans-Adolf Jacobsen,\u00a0<\/span><\/em>1939\u20131945. Vtoraya Mirovaya Voina \/\/<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>Vtoraya Mirovaya Voina: Dva Vzglyada<\/em>. 13.<\/p>\n

\n

Kdo podepsal trest smrti pro Francii 1940?\u00a0(II)<\/p>\n

origin\u00e1l zdroj<\/span><\/u><\/a> – vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad 2.2.2016<\/p>\n

Nikolaj Starikov (Rusko)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159i anal\u00fdze p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nepravd\u011bpodobn\u011b rychl\u00e9ho p\u00e1du Francie v roce 1940, to bylo \u0161patn\u011b nemluvit o \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd pl\u00e1nu navr\u017een\u00e9m n\u011bmeck\u00fdm gener\u00e1l Erich von Mansteinem<\/a>. Britov\u00e9\u00a0ale ud\u011blali stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k por\u00e1\u017ece Francie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Angli\u010dan\u00e9 se vzdali my\u0161lenky\u00a0zachra\u0148ovat Francii a ne\u010dekan\u011b pro francouzsk\u00e9 velitele, kte\u0159\u00ed byli \u0159\u00eddili spole\u010dn\u00fd boj,\u00a0p\u0159estali plnit francouzsk\u00e9 rozkazy. Ve sv\u00e9 knize s\u00e1m\u00a0Churchill\u00a0nestydat\u011b cituje telegram, kter\u00fd obdr\u017eel od francouzsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Paul Reynauda<\/a> 24. kv\u011btna 1940<\/strong>: „… britsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da provedla z vlastn\u00edho podn\u011btu \u00fastup v d\u00e9lce p\u011btadvaceti mil sm\u011brem k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstav\u016fm v dob\u011b, kdy se na\u0161i voj\u00e1ci pohybovali\u00a0od jihu k severu a\u00a0z\u00edsk\u00e1vali\u00fazem\u00ed, kde byly Britsk\u00e9 s\u00edly, aby se spojily se sv\u00fdmi spojenci. „<\/em>[<\/em>1]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Diplomatick\u00e1 jazyk skr\u00fdv\u00e1 velmi jednoduch\u00fd bod. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 obrn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u011bst vytvo\u0159ila ob\u0159\u00ed mezeru v obran\u011b spojenc\u016f a nacist\u00e9 se vrhli do n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho pr\u016flomu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, por\u00e1\u017eka by mohla b\u00fdt zm\u011bn\u011bna ve\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Pl\u00e1n navr\u017een\u00fd francouzsk\u00fdm gener\u00e1lem\u00a0Maxime Weygandem<\/a>, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ijat dne 21. kv\u011btna 1940<\/strong>, byl sotva pozoruhodn\u00fd pro jeho originalitu. Bylo rozhodnuto zah\u00e1jit obousm\u011brn\u00fd proti\u00fatok ze severu a jihu, aby byly p\u0159emo\u017eeny n\u011bmeck\u00e9 divize, kter\u00e9 se tam zakl\u00ednily\u00a0a pak mohly\u00a0b\u00fdt vyhlazeny, a slou\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 jednotky spojeneck\u00fdch vojsk, kter\u00e9 byly v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b um\u00edst\u011bny ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 50 a\u017e 90 km od sebe. Pokud by tento proti\u00fatok usp\u011bl, k hroz\u00edc\u00edmu p\u00e1du Francie by nikdy nedo\u0161lo, proto\u017ee Hitler by byl zbaven obrn\u011bn\u00e9ho beranidla.<\/p>\n

Ale kdy\u017e francouz\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci nastupovali k proti\u00fatoku, to znamen\u00e1 ve sm\u011bru vp\u0159ed (na sever)\u00a0, britov\u00e9 se m\u00edsto toho\u00a0stahovali zp\u011bt! „Ve ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch 25. lord Gort<\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ijal z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. Jeho rozkazy byly, st\u00e1le usilovat o Weygand\u016fv pl\u00e1n ji\u017en\u00edm \u00fatokem sm\u011brem Cambrai, k n\u011bmu\u017e m\u011bly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity\u00a05. a 50. divize ve spojen\u00ed s Francouzi … nyn\u00ed Gort nyn\u00ed opustil\u00a0Weygand\u016fv pl\u00e1n. „[2]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"churchill\"<\/a>Winston Churchill vydal p\u0159\u00edkaz k ponech\u00e1n\u00ed Francie jej\u00edmu osudu<\/p>\n

\u00a0A tak to bylo – prost\u011b upustil od pl\u00e1nu! Hlavn\u00edm rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm okam\u017eikem t\u00e9to bitvy bylo, \u017ee\u00a0britsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Gort b\u011bhem n\u00ed sp\u00e1chal trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd by za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed v\u00e9dl k\u00a0vojensk\u00fd soud.<\/strong> Pro\u010d\u00a0britsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l poru\u0161it p\u0159\u00edsahu v nejkl\u00ed\u010dov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okam\u017eiku? To je ten moment, nem\u011bl co pokazit. Jeho francouz\u0161t\u00ed velitel\u00e9 na\u0159\u00eddili\u00a0\u00fatok, ale\u00a0rozkaz k \u00fastupu p\u0159i\u0161el z Lond\u00fdna! Gener\u00e1l Gort pracoval podle bezprost\u0159edn\u00edch pokyn\u016f sv\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch a oni se prost\u011b rozhodli vzd\u00e1t se sv\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed bez povolen\u00ed. „Gortovo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed zapojit se\u00a0do bitvy m\u011bl pln\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed Churchilla. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ve dnech, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledovaly, britsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r [3]<\/span><\/em><\/sup><\/sup><\/a> i nad\u00e1le p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee\u00a0souhlasil s pod\u00edlem Britsk\u00e9ho expedi\u010dn\u00edho sboru\u00a0na „Weygandov\u011b proti\u00fatoku<\/a>.“ Opustit sv\u00e9ho spojence v nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okam\u017eiku bitvy ale p\u0159esto si zachovat tv\u00e1\u0159. – To byla politika britsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy“.<\/em> [4]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee poj\u010fme porovnat<\/span> data<\/span> s c\u00edlem, odstranit<\/span> ve\u0161ker\u00e9 p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pochybnosti<\/span>.\u00a022. k<\/strong><\/span>v\u011btna<\/span> 1940 <\/span><\/strong>nav\u0161t\u00edvil p<\/span>remi\u00e9r<\/span> Churchill <\/span>Francii<\/span>;\u00a024. k<\/strong><\/span>v\u011btna 1940 <\/span><\/strong>za\u010dal \u00fastup britsk\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span>\u00a0do<\/span> Dunkerque.<\/span> Je mo\u017en\u00e9<\/span> se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee<\/span> v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dvou<\/span> dn\u016f<\/span> by gener\u00e1l<\/span> Gort<\/span> v\u016fbec nekontaktoval<\/span> \u0161\u00e9fa sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy<\/span>, v\u016fbec jej neinformoval<\/span> a<\/span> prost\u011b se<\/span> rozhodl o vlastn\u00ed \u00fajm\u011b<\/span> podepsat<\/span> Francii<\/span> trest smrti<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011brolomnost<\/span> tohoto<\/span> rozhodnut\u00ed<\/span> lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy<\/span> nem\u016f\u017ee<\/span> b\u00fdt skryto<\/span> argumenty<\/span> o jeho strategick\u00e9<\/span> nutnosti.<\/span> Co je<\/span> p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee<\/span> na rozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch<\/span> anglick\u00fdch prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016f<\/span>, pokl\u00e1dali <\/span>francouz\u0161t\u00ed<\/span> gener\u00e1lov\u00e9<\/span> Weygand\u016fv<\/span> pl\u00e1n za<\/span> docela mo\u017en\u00fd.<\/span> Nicm\u00e9n\u011b<\/span>, <\/span>jakmile<\/span> jedna \u010d\u00e1st<\/span> Spojeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span> za\u010dala<\/span> postupovat<\/span> „<\/span>dozadu<\/span>„, cel\u00fd<\/span> pl\u00e1n se zhroutil<\/span>.\u00a0T<\/span>\u00edm<\/span> se zhroutila<\/span> i posledn\u00ed nad\u011bje<\/span> stabilizovat<\/span> frontu.<\/span> Ale<\/span> pro\u010d se<\/span> Britsk\u00e9<\/span> chovali tak<\/span> nepoctiv\u011b<\/span> v<\/span> t\u00e9to temn\u00e9<\/span> hodin\u011b<\/span>?<\/span><\/p>\n

Nalezli jsme\u00a0<\/span>dal\u0161\u00ed<\/span> puzzle<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky<\/span>. K vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0si<\/span> mus\u00edme<\/span> zapamatovat\u00a0<\/span>sm\u011br,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00fdm\u00a0se Britsk\u00e9<\/span> divize<\/span> p\u0159esouvaly<\/span>, kdy\u017e<\/span> za\u010dal<\/span> jejich \u00fastup<\/span>. <\/span>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to<\/span> bylo k<\/span> Dunkerque<\/span>, <\/span>kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9<\/span> dob\u011b bylo jedin\u00fd<\/span> p\u0159\u00edstav, z<\/span> niho\u017e mohli b\u00fdt Britov\u00e9<\/span> evakuov\u00e1ni<\/span> dom\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale<\/span>\u00a0z\u00e1drhel<\/span> byl v tom, \u017ee<\/span> Britov\u00e9<\/span> se nemohli<\/span> evakuovat<\/span>. <\/span>Pokud<\/span> by se jim nedostalo<\/span> pomoci<\/span> od<\/span> … <\/span>Adolfa Hitlera<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong>Vojensk\u00e1 situace<\/span> byla takov\u00e1, \u017ee<\/span> v dob\u011b<\/span> Britsk\u00e9ho<\/span> \u00fastupu<\/span> sm\u011brem k<\/span> Dunkerque<\/span>, byly ji\u0159 n\u011bmeck\u00e9<\/span> tanky<\/span>\u00a0um\u00edst\u011bny<\/span> pod\u00e9l<\/span> p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch cest.<\/span> Tanky<\/span> se bl\u00ed\u017eily na\u00a0Dunkirk<\/span> ji\u017e dva dny p\u0159ed<\/span> zah\u00e1jen\u00edm Britsk\u00e9ho pochodu<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>N\u011bmci byli<\/span> pouh\u00fdch 16<\/span> km<\/span> od m\u011bsta,<\/span> zat\u00edmco<\/span> Britov\u00e9 byli<\/span> st\u00e1le 60<\/span> km<\/span> vzd\u00e1len\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span> Pro N\u011bmce\u00a0by bylo<\/span> velmi jednoduchou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed <\/span>vstoupit<\/span> do bezbrann\u00e9ho<\/span> m\u011bsta<\/span> a<\/span> obsadit<\/span> posledn\u00ed<\/span> p\u0159\u00edstav, ze kter\u00e9ho<\/span> jedin\u011b by se mohla uskute\u010dnit\u00a0masov\u00e1<\/span> evakuace<\/span> Britsk\u00fdch vojsk<\/span>. Ale Hitler vydal sv\u016fj slavn\u00fd\u00a0„Rozkaz zastavit“<\/a><\/span>, kter\u00fd zak\u00e1zal jak\u00fdkoliv dal\u0161\u00ed postup.<\/strong> „On\u011bm\u011bli jsme“, p\u0159ipomn\u011bl Heinz Guderian<\/a>. A byl pro to dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod! V okam\u017eiku, kdy jedin\u00fdm co z\u016fstalo, bylo obsadit jedno mal\u00e9 m\u011bsto, aby se uzav\u0159elo obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed\u00a0nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch sil, v\u016fdce N\u011bmecka toto v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zal. V\u011bci se dostal do bodu, \u017ee gener\u00e1l Halder<\/a> vznesl n\u00e1mitky proti V\u016fdcovu rozhodnut\u00ed a sna\u017eil se mu vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d je nutn\u00e9 obsadit posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Ale V\u016fdce nemohl b\u00fdt zvikl\u00e1n: „vzru\u0161en\u00e1 diskuse skon\u010dil\u00a0definitivn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm Hitlera, kter\u00fd dodal, \u017ee si zajist\u00ed proveden\u00ed sv\u00fdch rozkaz\u016f, a to zasl\u00e1n\u00edm osobn\u00edch sty\u010dn\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f na frontu.“[5]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"dunkirk\"<\/a>\u00a0Evakuace britsk\u00fdch jednotek z Dunquerque byla mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u00edky ….\u00a0 Adolfu Hitlerovi<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0V\u0161ude a p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Britov\u00e9 opustili sv\u00e9 spojence, aby je ponechali jejich osudu. Oni v\u017edy evakuov\u00e1ni kdy\u017e mu hrozila por\u00e1\u017eka. Tak to bylo\u00a0u Walcheren v roce 1809<\/strong><\/a>, na Gallipoli v roce 1915<\/strong><\/a> a stalo se to znovu v kv\u011btnu a \u010dervnu 1940 v Norsku<\/strong><\/a>. \u010clov\u011bk nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011b\u0161tec aby p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl, co by mohla Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie d\u011blat v t\u00e9 dob\u011b. Ale nen\u00ed t\u0159eba se dohadovat, zda by se sna\u017eila zachra\u0148ovat u Dunkerque, proto\u017ee tam\u00a0prost\u011b nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 mo\u017enost! Hitler vydal sv\u016fj „Rozkaz zastavit“ r\u00e1no 24. kv\u011btna 1940<\/strong> a na z\u00e1klad\u011b Churchillov\u00fdch pam\u011bt\u00ed, za\u010dali Britov\u00e9 sv\u00e9 stahov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9\u00a024.<\/strong>, ale nepoda\u0159ilo se jim ustoupit do Dunkerque a\u017e do ve\u010dera 25. kv\u011btna<\/strong>\u00a0a tak N\u011bmci museli „\u010dekat“ po\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva dny. Jak\u00e9koli srovn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed bude brzy v\u00e9st k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee „hrd\u00ed Britov\u00e9“ ve skute\u010dnosti nebojovali a\u017e na smrt proti \u0161p\u00edn\u011b zem\u011b, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e\u00a0s n\u00ed neust\u00e1le vstupovali do tajn\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd ze Z\u00e1padn\u00edch historik\u016f nikdy nevysv\u011btlil v\u00fdznam „Rozkazu zastavit.“ Ka\u017ed\u00fd jen p\u00ed\u0161e: „Hitler zastavil sv\u00e9 tanky.“ A \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i je podsouv\u00e1n\u00a0dojem, \u017ee podiv\u00edn F\u00fchrer\u00a0prost\u011b jen dohl\u00ed\u017eel na sv\u00e9 tankisty, \u00a0a tak jim neumo\u017enil za\u00fato\u010dit na britsk\u00e9 pozice u Dunkerque. Ale ve skute\u010dnosti, bylo m\u011bsto\u00a0pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9!\u00a0Po dva dny N\u011bmci jen sed\u011bli u\u00a0Dunquerque a\u00a0\u010dekali na V\u016fdce, aby mohli pokra\u010dovat. A on zase \u010dekal, a\u017e\u00a0bude p\u0159\u00edstav a m\u011bsto\u00a0obsazeno ustupuj\u00edc\u00edmi britsk\u00fdmi divizemi. A\u017e\u00a026. kv\u011btna\u00a01940 Hitler op\u011bt vydal povolen\u00ed a jeho voj\u00e1ci za\u010dali postupovat\u00a0vp\u0159ed,<\/strong> ale do t\u00e9 doby se Britov\u00e9 mohli zakopal a byli tak schopni odrazit n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fatoky. A kdy\u00a0Britov\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u010dali s evakuac\u00ed? Pokud je n\u00e1\u0161 odhad\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, tak a\u017e v den Hitlerova rozhodnut\u00ed pokra\u010dovat v \u00fatoku. A opravdu, o den d\u0159\u00edve \u2013 25. kv\u011btna<\/strong> \u2013 Churchill na\u0159\u00eddil za\u010d\u00e1tek evakuace …<\/p>\n

\u00a0S vyu\u017eit\u00edm t\u00e9to<\/span> laskav\u011b<\/span> prezentovan\u00e9<\/span> p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/span>, provedla Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie <\/span>od<\/span> 27.kv\u011btna do 4.<\/span>\u010dervna<\/span> 1940<\/span>\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b\u00a0o<\/a><\/span>peraci Dynamo<\/span>, <\/span>st\u00e1hla p\u0159es<\/span> 338000<\/span> voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span> z<\/span> kontinentu, v\u010detn\u011b<\/span> 215000<\/span> voj\u00e1k\u016f Britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span>. <\/span>Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch<\/span> 123000<\/span> se skl\u00e1dalo ze<\/span> Francouz\u016f<\/span>, B<\/span>elgi\u010dan\u016f<\/span> a voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span>\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch<\/span> Spojeneck\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0V prvn\u00edch<\/span> hodin\u00e1ch<\/span> \u00fatoku na Francii<\/span> n\u011bmeck\u00e9 letectvo<\/span> bombardovalo<\/span> francouzsk\u00e1<\/span> leti\u0161t\u011b a z<\/span>ni\u010dilo<\/span> v\u011bt\u0161inu<\/span> tam\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letadel<\/span>. <\/span>Pot\u00e9 byli N\u011bmci p\u00e1ny oblohy<\/span>.<\/span> Francouzi<\/span> zoufale<\/span> po\u017eadovali<\/span> pomoc<\/span>\u00a0Spojenc\u016f<\/span>, ale<\/span> ta nikdy nep\u0159i\u0161la.<\/span> Charles<\/span> de<\/span> Gaulle<\/span>\u00a0s trpkost\u00ed napsal<\/span>\u00a0ve sv\u00fdch pam\u011btech<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0„Od chv\u00edle nalod\u011bn\u00ed<\/span> na<\/span> Britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span> u Dunkerque<\/span>, Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 letectvo<\/span>\u00a0ji\u017e<\/span> nespolupracovalo<\/span> na bitv\u011b<\/span>, \u0161et\u0159ilo se pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed epizodu<\/span> …<\/span> Britsk\u00e9<\/span> perut\u011b,<\/span> kter\u00e9\u00a0m\u011bly z\u00e1kladny ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii<\/span>, <\/span>byly<\/span> p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko, aby byly<\/span> pou\u017eity<\/span>\u00a0na \u010dele pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b se k jihu stahuj\u00edc\u00edch jednotek. <\/span>Na m\u00e9<\/span> nal\u00e9hav\u00e9<\/span> \u017e\u00e1dosti<\/span>, \u017ee by\u00a0m\u011bla b\u00fdt<\/span>\u00a0p\u0159enesena<\/span> alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st<\/span> leteck\u00e9 podpory Britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span>\u00a0leti\u0161t\u011b ji\u017en\u011b od<\/span> Loiry<\/span>, vydal p<\/span>an<\/span> Churchill<\/span>\u00a0form\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/span> odm\u00edtnut\u00ed.<\/span>„[6]<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Je to dokonal\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0z\u00e1kulisn\u00ed politiky. Uv\u011bdomuj\u00edc si, \u017ee v\u00e1lka ve Francii byla ji\u017e ztracena, Britov\u00e9 nav\u00e1zal kontakt s Hitlerem a komunikovali s n\u00edm pomoc\u00ed jednoho z kan\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly st\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e9. Britsk\u00fd po\u017eadavek byl jednoduch\u00fd: umo\u017enit jejich arm\u00e1d\u011b\u00a0evakuaci. A pro\u010d by s t\u00edm Hitler m\u011bl souhlasit? Hlavn\u00edm argumentem ve\u00a0prosp\u011bch britsk\u00e9 „voln\u00e9 ruky“ Hitlerovi byl bal\u00ed\u010dek\u00a0Francie. Lond\u00fdn cynicky pou\u017eil Francie p\u0159i licitaci, stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako ona ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ipustila tot\u00e9\u017e jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Rakouskem, \u010ceskoslovenskem a Polskem.<\/strong> Za druh\u00e9, pokud by byly britsk\u00e9 s\u00edly v Evrop\u011b\u00a0zdecimov\u00e1ny,\u00a0bylo by to p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pozv\u00e1n\u00edm\u00a0USA ke vstupu do v\u00e1lky proti N\u011bmecku, co\u017e by v\u016fbec nebylo podle\u00a0Hitlerv\u00fdch p\u0159edstav.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem bylo,<\/span> \u017ee Francie<\/span> kapitulovala 22.\u00a0\u010dervna<\/span><\/strong> 1940<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span>V\u00edce ne\u017e 60<\/span>% <\/span>francouzsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>1547000<\/span> z<\/span> 2,5 milionu<\/span> voj\u00e1k\u016f\u00a0<\/span>bylo zajato<\/span>. <\/span>I kdy\u017e<\/span> Francie<\/span> byla<\/span> naprosto<\/span> zrazena, <\/span>jej\u00ed<\/span> ob\u011bti<\/span> zahrnovali<\/span> pouze<\/span> 84000<\/span> mrtv\u00fdch, co\u017e<\/span> je samo o sob\u011b<\/span> d\u016fkazem, \u017ee<\/span> \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd<\/span> v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd odpor<\/span> proti N\u011bmc\u016fm se nekonal. <\/span>N\u011bmeck\u00e9mu Wehrmachtu<\/span> da\u0159ilo mnohem l\u00e9pe<\/span>, <\/span>ztratil jen<\/span> 28000<\/span> voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span>. <\/span>Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> \u2013 b\u011bhem 1. s<\/span>v\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/span> c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da<\/span> musela<\/span> poh\u0159b\u00edt<\/span> 1,8 milionu<\/span> sv\u00fdch<\/span> voj\u00e1k\u016f<\/span>, <\/span>ale<\/span> st\u00e1le nemohl<\/span> na\u0159ezat Francii.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"hitler\"<\/a>\u00a0Proslul\u00fd “ Hitler\u016fv tanec“ foto po\u0159\u00edzeno v den kapitulace Francie v \u010dervnu 1940<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Winston Churchill,\u00a0<\/span>Their Finest Hour\u00a0<\/span><\/em>(Boston: Mariner Books, 1986) 62.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>ibid, 74.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Churchill became prime minister on the afternoon of May 10, 1940 immediately after the onset of the German offensive, which had begun that morning.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Daniil Proektor,\u00a0<\/span>Blitskrig v Evrope: Voina na Zapade<\/em>. (Moscow, 2004) 253.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Winston Churchill,\u00a0<\/span>Their Finest Hour<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>(Boston: Mariner Books, 1986) 68.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/span><\/sup><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Charles de Gaulle,\u00a0<\/span>The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>(New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998) 58.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh 16. Kdo podepsal trest smrti pro Francii 1940?\u00a0(I) origin\u00e1l zdroj – vlastn\u00ed p\u0159eklad 27.1.2016 Nikolaj Starikov (Rusko) Toto je n\u011bco, co byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt: poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e\u00a0mus\u00edme volit mezi Evropou a otev\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u0159em, bychom si m\u011bli\u00a0v\u017edy vybrat\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Winston Churchill[1]…<\/p>\n

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